Peripheral Vascular

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1. Purpose and clinical relevance

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2. What the clinician must assess

A complete assessment addresses each of the following each visit, scaled to the patient's diagnosis and stability:

  • Peripheral pulses — radial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial: amplitude and symmetry.
  • Capillary refill; extremity color, temperature, hair distribution, and skin and nail changes.
  • Edema — location, grade, symmetry, and whether pitting.
  • Pain — claudication (distance to onset and relief with rest), rest pain, or acute severe pain.
  • Signs of arterial insufficiency — pallor on elevation, dependent rubor, cool and hairless thin shiny skin, diminished pulses, and ulcers on the toes or pressure points.
  • Signs of venous insufficiency — edema, hyperpigmentation, varicosities, warmth, and medial-malleolar ulcers.
  • Signs of deep-vein thrombosis — unilateral calf swelling, warmth, tenderness, and erythema.
  • Compression-device use and tolerance; mobility and activity tolerance.
  • Medication regimen — anticoagulants, antiplatelets, vasodilators, and diuretics: adherence, effect, and adverse effects.
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