Post-prostatectomy hemorrhage / clot retention — bright-red outflow with clots, bladder distension, no outflow, or hemodynamic change — hand-irrigate per protocol and escalate; transfuse/transfer per severity.

Testicular torsion — sudden severe scrotal pain/swelling — surgical emergency: urgent evaluation/transfer (time-critical for testicular salvage).

Fournier gangrene — rapidly spreading perineal/scrotal infection, crepitus, dusky skin, pain out of proportion, systemic signs — emergency transfer.

Acute urinary retention with obstruction/distension — relieve per order and escalate (route to Continence).