Manual muscle testing: position the joint, apply graded resistance, and grade 0–5 (0 none, 3 against gravity, 4 against some resistance, 5 normal); compare sides.
Range of motion: move the joint through its arc, observe for restriction, pain, or crepitus; respect post-operative limits and never force a restricted hip beyond precautions.
Gait assessment: observe initiation, step length and symmetry, base of support, and turning; use a Timed Up and Go where appropriate and safe.
Balance: assess static and dynamic balance and the response to perturbation only with a guard and gait belt.
Assistive device: confirm height (wrist crease at the handgrip with the arm relaxed), tip and wheel condition, and correct sequencing in use.
Post-operative precautions: confirm the specific restriction for the surgery (e.g. no hip flexion past 90°, no adduction past midline, no internal rotation for posterior hip approach) and observe adherence.
Joints: inspect and palpate for effusion and warmth; compare to the other side and to baseline.
Always assess with a gait belt and guarding when mobility or balance is impaired.
