9. Patient and caregiver teaching

• Glucose monitoring and insulin or pump technique, with return demonstration to mastery.
• Hypoglycemia recognition and rescue — oral carbohydrate and glucagon per order — with caregiver return demonstration of glucagon.
• Hyperglycemia and sick-day rules, including when to check ketones and when to seek emergency care.
• Daily foot care and injury and burn prevention where sensation is reduced (cross-reference Touch/Sensation).
• Medication purpose, timing, storage, and the consequences of missed doses; thyroid and steroid adherence and stress dosing where applicable.
• When to call the agency versus when to activate EMS (e.g. unresponsiveness, signs of ketoacidosis).