9. Patient and caregiver teaching

• Catheter care, securement, drainage-bag positioning, and closed-system maintenance, with return demonstration.
• Clean intermittent self-catheterization technique where applicable, with return demonstration.
• Signs of urinary tract infection and urosepsis — including new confusion — and when to call the agency.
• Fluid targets per order (restriction or encouragement as ordered) and how to monitor weight.
• Perineal hygiene and skin protection for incontinence (cross-reference External Genitalia).
• When to call the agency versus when to activate EMS (e.g. no urine output with a distended bladder, signs of sepsis).