A complete urinary and renal assessment addresses each of the following each visit, scaled to the patient’s condition and orders, and compares each finding to baseline.
Voiding pattern — frequency, volume, urgency, hesitancy, nocturia, and any change from baseline.
Continence — type and degree of incontinence, containment strategy, and perineal skin (cross-reference External Genitalia / Integumentary).
Urine characteristics — color, clarity, odor, sediment, and the presence of hematuria.
Catheter, when present — type (indwelling, intermittent, suprapubic), patency, output, securement, insertion or stoma site, and tubing for kinks or dependent loops.
Retention — suprapubic distension or discomfort, sensation of incomplete emptying, and post-void residual by bladder scan where available.
Infection surveillance — dysuria, frequency, suprapubic or flank pain, fever, and — critically in elders — new confusion or functional decline.
Fluid balance — intake and output, daily-weight trend versus baseline and target, and peripheral or dependent edema.
Renal status — symptoms and laboratory trends (where available) bearing on kidney function, and medication effects (diuretics, nephrotoxins, renally-cleared drugs).
